Testimony taken at Hayward, Wisconsin, April 23 & 24, 1934 : where Indians of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michigan gathered for a two day conference to discuss the Wheeler-Howard Bill of Indian Rights
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- Created Date
- 1934-04-23; 1934-04-24
- Description
On June 18, 1934, Congress passed the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA, sometimes known as the "Indian New Deal"). When the bill was being considered that spring, Congress held hearings to learn what tribes around the nation thought about it. This document from the National Archives contains the testimony given by tribes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. It has never been published. The 1934 act reversed the federal government's 50-year-old policy of Indian assimilation that had tried to force Indians to give up their languages, cultures, and identity in favor of white culture. Instead, it encouraged Indian nations to form tribal governments and to conduct their own internal affairs. These new tribal governments drafted constitutions and provided tribes with political bodies that could assert their sovereign rights.
- Creator
United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Partner
- Recollection Wisconsin
- Contributing Institution
- Wisconsin Historical Society
- Subjects
- Native Americans
Indians of North America Government relations
Legislation
Ho-Chunk
Menominee
Mohegan
Ojibwe
Oneida
Potawatomi - Location
- Wisconsin; Minnesota; Michigan;
- Type
- text
- Language
- English
- Rights
- We believe that online reproduction of this material is permitted because its copyright protection has lapsed or because sharing it here for non-profit educational purposes complies with the Fair Use provisions of the U.S. Copyright Law. Teachers and students are generally free to reproduce pages for nonprofit classroom use. For advice about other uses, or if you believe that you possess copyright to some of this material, please contact us at asklibrary@wisconsinhistory.org.
- Chicago citation style
- United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Testimony taken at Hayward, Wisconsin, April 23 & 24, 1934 : where Indians of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michigan gathered for a two day conference to discuss the Wheeler-Howard Bill of Indian Rights. 1934-04-23; 1934-04-24. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/tp/id/75734. (Accessed April 19, 2024.)
- APA citation style
- United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, (1934-04-23; 1934-04-24) Testimony taken at Hayward, Wisconsin, April 23 & 24, 1934 : where Indians of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michigan gathered for a two day conference to discuss the Wheeler-Howard Bill of Indian Rights. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/tp/id/75734
- MLA citation style
- United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America <http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/tp/id/75734>.